Navigation Mesh

Before we create our AI blueprint, we need to add a navigation mesh into our level.

The navigation mesh generates the area that your AI is able to move it.

If there are objects in the way it will generate around these areas preventing your AI from walking into those objects.

Creating the Mesh

In the modes tab, found on left in the main editor window, search for the nav mesh bounds volume.

Drag this into your level and set the size and position of the box to be the size of your level.

Once you drag this into your level it will automatically generate the navigation mesh.

Pressing the P key will show the nav mesh in green.

Your level is now ready for AI characters and pawns.

Character or Pawn

What’s the difference?

The two default AI controlled types are the Pawn and the Character.

Character

The character, which is a child of the pawn, has built in multiplayer and singleplayer ready movement, gravity, jumping and crouching via the movement component.

This also means characters can walk around the level without adding almost any code.
To read more about Characters click here.

Pawn

The pawn is the base class of every AI controlled actor. It has no built in movement and does not have gravity or any other features such as crouching or sprinting.
To read more about Pawns click here.

Which is the best?

In most cases it is advised to use a Character as the features are very powerful and makes programming enemies and other AI much easier.

Characters are setup ready with gravity, walking and pathfinding along meshes and terrain.

If you know what you are doing or if you need to make your own specific movement code (flying, submarine, etc) then the Pawn would be best.

Simple Move to Actor or Location

The Simple Move to Actor and Simple Move to Location nodes are the easiest way for your character or pawn to move towards an actor or location in the game world.

With a few inputs, this node smoothly moves the actor to the destination.

One downside of this node is that the movement does not give feedback if it failed or is stuck or it had aborted the movement.

These feedback pins are very important to adjust the behavior of your AI controlled actor.

Example

For this example we used the Simple Move to Location node.

Completed, the nodes should look like this:

These nodes find a random position in the navigation mesh and moves the AI to it.

AI Move to

In your character or pawn blueprint, add an AI MoveTo node for more advanced movement with more diagnostic features.

This node can navigate your AI to either a target actor (any actor in your level) or a destination vector.

The AI MoveTo node also allows an acceptance radius which sets how close an AI will move to the actor or destination vector before stopping.

These execution pins output based on the current state of the AI.

The top pin will fire after this node is executed.

Example

Conclusion

Now your new AI controlled character can move around the level!

Using this setup with additional blueprints you will be able to create more advanced AI with different behaviours.

Further Learning

To make this AI react to your level changing during play click here to read our guide on dynamic pathfinding in Unreal Engine 4.

For larger open world or procedurally generated levels click here to read our guide on optimised pathfinding for Unreal Engine 4.

When creating more advanced AI it is best to begin using Blackboards and Behaviour Trees.

The post Easy AI Movement in Unreal Engine 4 appeared first on Couch Learn.

Before we Start

To enable these features, dynamic pathfinding must be enabled to allow the navigation mesh to generate during runtime.

To learn how to enable dynamic generation during runtime click here for our guide.

Only the areas of the level that possessed pawns are near will be generated.

Enabling Generation around Nav Invokers

To enable this setting we must firstly go to the project settings.

Once the project settings are open, click on the Navigation System tab.

Tick the checkbox named: Generate Navigation Only Around Navigation Invoker.

This tells the engine to only generate around actors that have the navigation invoker component.

Nav Invoker Component

To enable navigation generation on an actor, we first need to add the Navigation Invoker Component.

To add this to your actor, click the Add Component button in the top left of your blueprint editor and search for Navigation Invoker.

Once this component is added, setup the radius that the navigation mesh will be generated and removed.

From my testing, the default values work well for open world landscape levels.

When creating a procedurally generated indoor level, I recommend slightly higher values.

This prevents the actor from being trapped in their current room or area.

Demonstration and Example Files

Conclusion

That is all for enabling open world navigation in Unreal Engine 4!

Characters and pawns can now traverse large open or procedurally generated levels.

For further reading into the navigation functions in Unreal Engine, click here for the official documentation.

The post Open World Navigation in Unreal Engine 4 appeared first on Couch Learn.